A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/system/core/Exceptions.php:271)
Filename: core/Security.php
Line Number: 274
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 129
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 151
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 208
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 297
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php
Line Number: 335
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 282
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 289
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 304
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 317
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 375
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 396
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 7
Function: __construct
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$CI is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 81
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Jquery::$CI is deprecated
Filename: Javascript/Jquery.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 657
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$jquery is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Javascript::$js is deprecated
Filename: libraries/Javascript.php
Line Number: 86
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$javascript is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 9
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1283
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 10
Function: library
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$mode is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 13
Function: model
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Edj::$Image_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 358
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 14
Function: model
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$jquery is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$javascript is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$form_validation is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$mode is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 931
Backtrace:
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/application/controllers/Edj.php
Line: 154
Function: view
File: /home1/ab8102/public_html/edjcode/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
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EDJ
,
Volume 1 No 1
172
Safa B. M. Alawy, Eman M. El Shourbagy And Safaa A. Ghobashy ,
ABSTRACT
Aim Of The Work: The Aim Of This In Vitro Study Was To Evaluate The Effects Of Recycling And Repeated Recycling With Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser On Shear Bond Strength And Surface Characteristics Of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets.
Materials and Methods: Ninety Extracted Upper First Premolars And Ninety Stainless Steel Brackets Were Used For This Study. The Brackets Were Bonded To The Premolars And Were Randomly Divided Into Three Groups Of 30 Teeth/each: Group I (control), Group II (brackets Debonded And Recycled One Time Using Er:YAG Laser), And Group III (brackets Debonded And Recycled Two Times Using Er:YAG Laser). Twenty Samples From Group II And III Were Rebonded Again To The Same Re-prepared Enamel. Sixty Bonded Samples (20/each Group) Were Subjected To Shear Bond Strength Testing Using Universal Testing Machine. The Shear Bond Strength Data Were Analyzed With One-way ANOVA Test, Followed By Tukey?s Test. The Bracket/adhesive Failure Modes Were Scored As Adhesive Remnant Index. The Chi-square Test Was Used To Evaluate Statistical Differences In The Adhesive Remnant Index Scores Among Groups. Ten Debonded Brackets From Each Group Were Examined Under A Scanning Electron Microscope To Identify The Surface Characteristics Of The Brackets? Mesh.
Results: The Results Of This Study Demonstrated That The Mean Shear Bond Strength Of All Groups Were More Than That Recommended For Successful Orthodontic Bonding, There Was No Significant Difference Between Group I And Group II (P>0.05). Repeated Recycled Brackets (group III) Had Significantly Lower Shear Bond Strength (P�0.001) Than Other Groups. Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis Showed Maximal Removal Of Adhesive From The Brackets Recycled One Time With Er:YAG Laser With Well-defined Lattice Structure, And No Damage To The Bracket Base. There Was Incomplete Removal Of The Adhesive From Repeated Recycled Brackets, Flattening And Distortion Were Observed In Two Samples.
Conclusion: Er:YAG Laser Recycled Brackets Can Be Used As An Alternative To New Brackets In Case Of Bond Failure Which Might Provide Cost Reduction. However, In Case Of Second Bond Failure To The Same Bracket, It May Be Preferred To Use A New One Instead Of Reusing It For Second Time.
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